Scope Resolution Operator (::)
The Scope Resolution Operator (also called Paamayim Nekudotayim) or in
simpler terms, the double colon, is a token that allows access to
static,
constant, and overridden
members or methods of a class.
When referencing these items from outside the class definition, use
the name of the class.
As of PHP 5.3.0, it's possible to reference the class using a variable.
The variable's value can not be a keyword (e.g. self,
parent and static).
Paamayim Nekudotayim would, at first, seem like a strange choice for
naming a double-colon. However, while writing the Zend Engine 0.5
(which powers PHP 3), that's what the Zend team decided to call it.
It actually does mean double-colon - in Hebrew!
Example #1 :: from outside the class definition
<?php
class MyClass {
const CONST_VALUE = 'A constant value';
}
$classname = 'MyClass';
echo $classname::CONST_VALUE; // As of PHP 5.3.0
echo MyClass::CONST_VALUE;
?>
Two special keywords self and parent
are used to access members or methods from inside the class definition.
Example #2 :: from inside the class definition
<?php
class OtherClass extends MyClass
{
public static $my_static = 'static var';
public static function doubleColon() {
echo parent::CONST_VALUE . "\n";
echo self::$my_static . "\n";
}
}
$classname = 'OtherClass';
echo $classname::doubleColon(); // As of PHP 5.3.0
OtherClass::doubleColon();
?>
When an extending class overrides the parents definition of a method,
PHP will not call the parent's method. It's up to the extended class
on whether or not the parent's method is called. This also applies to Constructors and Destructors, Overloading, and Magic method definitions.
Example #3 Calling a parent's method
<?php
class MyClass
{
protected function myFunc() {
echo "MyClass::myFunc()\n";
}
}
class OtherClass extends MyClass
{
// Override parent's definition
public function myFunc()
{
// But still call the parent function
parent::myFunc();
echo "OtherClass::myFunc()\n";
}
}
$class = new OtherClass();
$class->myFunc();
?>
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